Percentage formulas

A percentage in a spreadsheet is just a division, displayed with a % format applied. Percent change and percent-of-total are both variations on that same basic idea.

Syntax

=B2/C2 =(B2-A2)/A2 =B2*1.08

The formula itself is always plain division — what turns 0.25 into "25%" on screen is the cell's number format, not the formula. That distinction matters most for percent change: =(new-old)/old gives a negative result for a decrease, which is correct, but it's easy to accidentally divide by the wrong cell and get a number that's technically valid but means the opposite of what you intended.

Examples

=B2/C2

The basic percentage: what share B2 is of C2, shown as a percent once you apply percentage formatting to the cell.

=(B2-A2)/A2

Percent change from an old value (A2) to a new one (B2) — positive for an increase, negative for a decrease.

=B2*1.08

Adds 8% on top of a value in one step — a common way to apply tax or a fixed markup.

=SUMIF(A:A,"Widget",C:C)/SUM(C:C)

Percent of total: what share of the overall total belongs to just the "Widget" rows.

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